Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is inflammation and infection of the upper part of a woman’s reproductive organs, typically involving the fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding structures. The cause is often the result of an ascending or rising infection from the vagina so affecting the other reproductive organs. The most important cause of rising infections is STDs. PID can cause damage to the lining of the uterus, the ovaries and/or the fallopian tubes.

PID can manifest itself through various symptoms:

• Abnormal bleeding
• Pain
• Cramps
• Fever

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the most likely cause of PID. For example, if chlamydia is not treated, it can cause permanent damage and eventually lead to PID.

In some instances, the older types of contraceptive coils - intrauterine devices - were shown to dramatically increase the risk of PID. These coils are no longer in use and the risk associated with modern IUDs is thought to be minimal although they are often preferred for women who are not at risk of STDs that is in a monogamous relationship.